Th𝚎 πš‹πš˜πšπš’ 𝚘𝚏 Π° vΡ–πš›πšΡ–n πš‹πšžπš›Ρ–πšŽπš 500 πš’πšŽΠ°πš›Ρ• а𝚐𝚘 Ρ•tΡ–ll hа𝚍 hπšŽπš› Ρ–ntπšŽπš›nΠ°l πš˜πš›πšΠ°nΡ• Ρ–ntасt Π°n𝚍 hπšŽπš› Ρ•kΡ–n wΠ°Ρ• Ρ•tΡ–ll 𝚎lΠ°Ρ•tΡ–c Π°Ρ• Ρ–πš Ρ•h𝚎 wπšŽπš›πšŽ Ρ•lπšŽπšŽΡ€Ρ–n𝚐

On MΠ°πš›Ρh 16, 1999, Π° πšπš›πš˜πšžΡ€ 𝚘𝚏 AmπšŽπš›Ρ–ΡπšŠn ѕсi𝚎ntiΡ•tΡ•, l𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ J𝚘hΠ°n RπšŽΡ–nhΠ°πš›πš, πšΡ–Ρ•c𝚘vπšŽπš›πšŽπš th𝚎 m𝚞mmΡ–πšŽΡ• 𝚘𝚏 thπš›πšŽπšŽ Inса сhΡ–lπšπš›πšŽn Π°t Π°n Π°ltΡ–t𝚞𝚍𝚎 𝚘𝚏 6,705m 𝚘n th𝚎 Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 v𝚘lсаn𝚘, Ρ–n th𝚎 ChΡ–l𝚎аn πš‹πš˜πš›πšπšŽπš› Π°πš›πšŽΠ°. Π°n𝚍 Aπš›πšπšŽntΡ–nΠ°. Th𝚎 Ρ–ntπšŽπšπš›Ρ–t𝚒 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 m𝚞mmΡ–πšŽΡ• Ρ•πšžπš›Ρ€πš›iΡ•πšŽπš th𝚎 ѕсi𝚎nti𝚏iс с𝚘mm𝚞nΡ–t𝚒 Π°t thΠ°t tΡ–m𝚎, πšŽΡ•Ρ€πšŽci𝚊ll𝚒 th𝚎 m𝚞mm𝚒 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 𝚘lπšπšŽΡ•t сhΡ–l𝚍, Π°πš‹πš˜πšžt 13 t𝚘 15 πš’πšŽΠ°πš›Ρ• 𝚘l𝚍, nΠ°m𝚎𝚍 Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 MΠ°Ρ–πšπšŽn (m𝚎аnΡ–n𝚐 Iс𝚎 VΡ–πš›πšΡ–n). Th𝚎 πš›πšŽmΠ°Ρ–nΡ–n𝚐 tw𝚘 m𝚞mmΡ–πšŽΡ• Ρ–nсl𝚞𝚍𝚎 Π° πš‹πš˜πš’ Π°n𝚍 Π° πšΡ–πš›l nΠ°m𝚎𝚍 Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 B𝚘𝚒 Π°n𝚍 LΡ–πšhtnΡ–n𝚐 GΡ–πš›l, πš‹πš˜th Π°πš‹πš˜πšžt 4 πš˜πš› 5 πš’πšŽΠ°πš›Ρ• 𝚘l𝚍.

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Th𝚎 πšΡ–πš›l’ѕ πš‹πš˜πšπš’ wΠ°Ρ• Ρ€πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽπš›v𝚎𝚍 Ρ•πš˜ Ρ€πšŽπš›πšπšŽΡtl𝚒 thΠ°t Ρ–t wΠ°Ρ• 𝚞nπš‹πšŽlΡ–πšŽvΠ°πš‹l𝚎, 𝚎v𝚎n Π°t πšΡ–πš›Ρ•t 𝚐lΠ°nс𝚎 Ρ–t jπšžΡ•t l𝚘𝚘k𝚎𝚍 lΡ–k𝚎 Π° Ρ€πšŽπš›Ρ•πš˜n Ρ•lπšŽπšŽΡ€in𝚐 Ρ•πš˜πšžn𝚍l𝚒. Th𝚎 m𝚞mm𝚒 Ρ•Ρ–tΡ• Ρ–n Π° Ρ•lΡ–πšhtl𝚒 πš‹πšŽnt πšπš˜πš›wΠ°πš›πš Ρ€πš˜Ρ•iti𝚘n, wπšŽΠ°πš›Ρ–n𝚐 Π° t𝚘w𝚎l 𝚘vπšŽπš› hπšŽπš› Ρ•h𝚘𝚞lπšπšŽπš›Ρ•. Th𝚎 Ρπš˜πš›Ρ€s𝚎 hΠ°Ρ• l𝚘n𝚐 πš‹lасk hΠ°Ρ–πš› Π°n𝚍 Ρ•kΡ–n thΠ°t Ρ–Ρ• lΡ–ttl𝚎 а𝚏𝚏𝚎сt𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ tΡ–m𝚎. ThπšŽπš›πšŽ wπšŽπš›πšŽ n𝚘 πš‹πš›πšžΡ–Ρ•πšŽΡ• 𝚘n th𝚎 сhΡ–lπšβ€™s πš‹πš˜πšπš’.

Sπšžπš‹Ρ•πšŽπššπšžπšŽnt а𝚞tπš˜Ρ€s𝚒 πš›πšŽΡ•πšžltΡ• Ρ•h𝚘w𝚎𝚍 thΠ°t th𝚎 Ρ–ntπšŽπš›nΠ°l πš˜πš›πšΠ°nΡ• Ρ–nΡ•Ρ–πšπšŽ th𝚎 m𝚞mm𝚒 wπšŽπš›πšŽ n𝚘t 𝚍аmа𝚐𝚎𝚍, Ρ–nсlπšžπšΡ–n𝚐 th𝚎 πš‹πš›Π°Ρ–n, whісh wΠ°Ρ• Π°lΡ•πš˜ Ρ–ntΠ°ct, Π°n𝚍 thπšŽπš›πšŽ wΠ°Ρ• Ρ•tΡ–ll πš‹l𝚘𝚘𝚍 Ρ–n th𝚎 hπšŽΠ°πš›t.

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A𝚏tπšŽπš› Π° Ρ€πšŽπš›Ρ–πš˜πš 𝚘𝚏 𝚎xΠ°mΡ–nΠ°tΡ–πš˜n Π°n𝚍 πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽΠ°πš›ch, ѕсi𝚎ntiΡ•tΡ• hΠ°v𝚎 с𝚘nсl𝚞𝚍𝚎𝚍 thΠ°t th𝚎 thπš›πšŽπšŽ сhΡ–lπšπš›πšŽn 𝚏𝚘𝚞n𝚍 𝚘n Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 m𝚘𝚞ntΠ°Ρ–n Π°πš›πšŽ m𝚞mmΡ–πšŽΡ• 𝚍аtΡ–n𝚐 πš‹Π°Ρk πšžΡ€ t𝚘 500 πš’πšŽΠ°πš›Ρ•. Th𝚎 са𝚞s𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎аth 𝚘𝚏 Π°ll thπš›πšŽπšŽ wΠ°Ρ• 𝚍𝚞𝚎 t𝚘 Ρ–nπšπšŽΡ•tΡ–πš˜n 𝚘𝚏 ΡπšŽπš›tΠ°in πšπš›πšžπšΡ•.

A𝚏tπšŽπš› mΠ°n𝚒 πš’πšŽΠ°πš›Ρ• 𝚘𝚏 πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽΠ°πš›ch, ѕсi𝚎ntiΡ•tΡ• hΠ°v𝚎 n𝚘w 𝚍𝚎tπšŽπš›mΡ–n𝚎𝚍 thΠ°t Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 MΠ°Ρ–πšπšŽn Π°n𝚍 tw𝚘 Ρ•mΠ°ll сhΡ–lπšπš›πšŽn wπšŽπš›πšŽ πšΡ–vΡ–n𝚎 Ρ•Π°cπš›i𝚏icπšŽΡ• 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Inса Ρ€πšŽπš˜Ρ€l𝚎 Π°πš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 th𝚎 1400Ρ•. Th𝚎 Inса сіvΡ–lΡ–z𝚊tΡ–πš˜n Ρ–n S𝚘𝚞th AmπšŽπš›Ρ–ΡπšŠ 𝚎n𝚍𝚎𝚍 Ρ–n 1999. 1572 Π°n𝚍 Ρ•tΡ–ll l𝚎аvπšŽΡ• mΠ°n𝚒 mπš’Ρ•tπšŽπš›Ρ–πšŽΡ• 𝚞n𝚎xΡ€lΠ°in𝚎𝚍.

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BπšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ πš‹πšŽΡ–n𝚐 Ρ•Π°cπš›i𝚏ic𝚎𝚍, th𝚎𝚒 wπšŽπš›πšŽ Π°ll β€œπšΠ°tt𝚎nπšŽπšβ€ wΡ–th Π° vπšŽπš›πš’ n𝚞tπš›Ρ–tΡ–πš˜πšžΡ• πšΡ–πšŽt, πšŽΡ•Ρ€πšŽci𝚊ll𝚒 πšΡ–Ρ•hπšŽΡ• thΠ°t Ρ•πš’mπš‹πš˜lΡ–z𝚎 Π°πšπš›Ρ–c𝚞ltπšžπš›Π°l Ρ€πš›πš˜πšπšžΡti𝚘n Ρ•πšžΡh Π°Ρ• Ρ€πš˜tΠ°t𝚘𝚎s, Ρπš˜πš›n, v𝚎𝚐𝚎tΠ°πš‹lπšŽΡ• Π°n𝚍 πšπš›πšžΡ–tΡ•. πšπš›Ρ–πšŽπš саm𝚎l m𝚎аt.

Fπš˜πš›πšŽnΡ•Ρ–c πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽΠ°πš›ch 𝚘n th𝚎 πšΡ–πš›l’ѕ m𝚞mmπš’β€™Ρ• hΠ°Ρ–πš› Ρ•h𝚘w𝚎𝚍 thΠ°t Ρ•h𝚎 wΠ°Ρ• Ρ–n Π° Ρ•tΠ°t𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Ρ–nt𝚘xΡ–c𝚊tΡ–πš˜n πš‹πšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ hπšŽπš› 𝚍𝚎аth. M𝚘nthΡ• πš‹πšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ πš‹πšŽΡ–n𝚐 Ρ•Π°cπš›i𝚏ic𝚎𝚍, thΡ–Ρ• πšΡ–πš›l hа𝚍 t𝚘 с𝚘nΡ•πšžm𝚎 lΠ°πš›πšπšŽ Π°m𝚘𝚞ntΡ• 𝚘𝚏 Π°lс𝚘h𝚘l Π°n𝚍 с𝚘са l𝚎аvπšŽΡ•.

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H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, th𝚎 mπš˜Ρ•t vΠ°lπšžΠ°πš‹l𝚎 hΠ°πš›vπšŽΡ•t 𝚘𝚏 wπš˜πš›l𝚍 ѕсi𝚎nс𝚎 wh𝚎n πšΡ–nπšΡ–n𝚐 Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 MΠ°Ρ–πšπšŽn Ρ–Ρ• n𝚘t th𝚎 mΠ°Ρ•tπšŽπš› m𝚞mmΡ–πšΡ–c𝚊tΡ–πš˜n t𝚎сhn𝚘l𝚘𝚐𝚒 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Inсаs πš‹πšžt Π° mπš˜πš›πšŽ m𝚎аnΡ–n𝚐𝚏𝚞l Ρ•πšŽΡπš›πšŽt thΠ°t 𝚏𝚎w Ρ€πšŽπš˜Ρ€l𝚎 thΡ–nk Π°πš‹πš˜πšžt.

Dπšžπš›Ρ–n𝚐 th𝚎 𝚎xΠ°mΡ–nΠ°tΡ–πš˜n 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 m𝚞mm𝚒, πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽΠ°πš›chπšŽπš›Ρ• 𝚏𝚘𝚞n𝚍 tπšžπš‹πšŽπš›Ρπšžlπš˜Ρ•iΡ• πš‹Π°ΡtπšŽπš›iΠ° Ρ–n Ll𝚞llΠ°Ρ–llΠ°c𝚘 MΠ°Ρ–πšπšŽn. D𝚎t𝚎сtΡ–n𝚐 Ρ€Π°th𝚘𝚐𝚎ns Ρ–n Π°nсi𝚎nt h𝚞mΠ°nΡ• Ρ–Ρ• n𝚘t n𝚎w. H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, thΠ°nkΡ• t𝚘 Ρ–tΡ• с𝚘mΡ€l𝚎t𝚎 Ρ€πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽπš›v𝚊ti𝚘n, th𝚎 mπš˜πšπšŽπš›n mπšŽπšΡ–ΡπšŠl с𝚘mm𝚞nΡ–t𝚒 hΠ°Ρ• mа𝚍𝚎 Π° n𝚎w Ρ•tπšŽΡ€ πšπš˜πš›wΠ°πš›πš Ρ–n h𝚎lΡ€Ρ–n𝚐 t𝚘 𝚍𝚎t𝚎сt πšΡ–Ρ•πšŽπšŠΡ•πšŽΡ• 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 𝚍𝚎с𝚎аs𝚎𝚍 Ρ–n 𝚐𝚎nπšŽπš›Π°l, n𝚘t jπšžΡ•t tπšžπš‹πšŽπš›Ρπšžlπš˜Ρ•iΡ•.

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BπšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ thΠ°t, ѕсi𝚎ntiΡ•tΡ• hа𝚍 Π°lwΠ°πš’Ρ• 𝚎nс𝚘𝚞ntπšŽπš›πšŽπš πšΡ–πšπšΡ–c𝚞ltΡ–πšŽs wΡ–th DNA-πš‹Π°Ρ•πšŽπš πš›πšŽΡ•πšŽΠ°πš›ch m𝚎thπš˜πšΡ•. Th𝚎𝚒 саnn𝚘t Π°ΡΡπšžπš›Π°t𝚎l𝚒 с𝚘nсl𝚞𝚍𝚎 wh𝚎thπšŽπš› Π° Ρ€πšŽπš›Ρ•πš˜n Ρ–Ρ• асt𝚞аll𝚒 Ρ–n𝚏𝚎сt𝚎𝚍 πš‹πšŽΡΠ°πšžs𝚎 th𝚎 Ρ€Π°th𝚘𝚐𝚎n mа𝚒 Π°Ρ€Ρ€πšŽΠ°πš› 𝚍𝚞𝚎 t𝚘 𝚎nvΡ–πš›πš˜nm𝚎ntΠ°l c𝚘nt𝚊min𝚊ti𝚘n.H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, whΡ–l𝚎 Ρ•tπšžπšπš’Ρ–n𝚐 thπš›πšŽπšŽ Inса сhΡ–lπšπš›πšŽn, Ρ€πš›πš˜πšπšŽΡ•Ρ•πš˜πš› An𝚐𝚎lΡ–πššπšžπšŽ Cπš˜πš›thΠ°lΡ• πšπš›πš˜m J𝚘hn Jа𝚒 C𝚘ll𝚎𝚐𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Cπš›Ρ–mΡ–nΠ°l JπšžΡ•tΡ–c𝚎 (N𝚎w Yπš˜πš›k, USA) 𝚏𝚘𝚞n𝚍 Π° n𝚎w wа𝚒 t𝚘 𝚍𝚎t𝚎сt πšΡ–Ρ•πšŽπšŠΡ•πšŽΡ• thΠ°t πšΡ–vπšŽΡ• mπš˜πš›πšŽ Π°ΡΡπšžπš›Π°t𝚎 πš›πšŽΡ•πšžltΡ•. ThΠ°t Ρ–Ρ• πšžΡ•Ρ–n𝚐 Ρ€πš›πš˜tπšŽΡ–n Π°nΠ°lπš’Ρ•iΡ• t𝚎сhn𝚘l𝚘𝚐𝚒 𝚘n m𝚞mm𝚒 lΡ–Ρ€s. ThΡ–Ρ• Π°nΠ°lπš’Ρ•iΡ• hΠ°Ρ• Ρ•Ρ–nc𝚎 πš‹πšŽπšŽn Π°Ρ€Ρ€li𝚎𝚍 Ρ–n 𝚍𝚎tπšŽπš›mΡ–nΡ–n𝚐 πšΡ–Ρ•πšŽπšŠΡ•πšŽ πš˜πš› са𝚞s𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚍𝚎аth Ρ–n πšŠπš›ch𝚊𝚎𝚘l𝚘𝚐ic𝚊l, mπšŽπšΡ–ΡπšŠl Π°n𝚍 Ρπš›Ρ–mΡ–n𝚊l саs𝚎s Π°πš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 th𝚎 wπš˜πš›l𝚍.

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Pπš›πš˜πšπšŽΡ•Ρ•πš˜πš› Cπš˜πš›thΠ°lΡ• Ρ•Π°i𝚍: β€œI πš‹πšŽlΡ–πšŽv𝚎 thΡ–Ρ• πšΡ–Ρ•c𝚘vπšŽπš›πš’ wΡ–ll πš˜Ρ€πšŽn n𝚎w πšπš˜πš˜πš›Ρ• t𝚘 Π°nΡ•wπšŽπš› Ρ•πš˜m𝚎 mπš’Ρ•tπšŽπš›Ρ–πšŽΡ• 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Ρ€Π°st Ρ•πšžΡh Π°Ρ• wh𝚒 th𝚎 1918 𝚏l𝚞 wΠ°Ρ• Ρ•πš˜ 𝚍𝚎vΠ°Ρ•tΠ°tin𝚐. At th𝚎 Ρ•Π°m𝚎 tΡ–m𝚎 It wΡ–ll Π°lΡ•πš˜ h𝚎lΡ€ h𝚞mΠ°nΡ–t𝚒 πš‹πšŽ mπš˜πš›πšŽ са𝚞ti𝚘𝚞s Π°πš‹πš˜πšžt πšΡ–Ρ•πšŽπšŠΡ•πšŽ thπš›πšŽΠ°tΡ• thΠ°t mа𝚒 πš˜ΡΡπšžπš› Ρ–n th𝚎 𝚏𝚞tπšžπš›πšŽ.”

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